Biblical origin of this obligation: Berachot 21a
Amount of food which requires a blessing afterward: Succah 26b, 27a
Requirements for a Laborer who is being paid for his meals, or who is also receiving a salary: Berachot 16a
Making a Blessing after a Meal on Dates, because they satiate: Rosh Berachot 1:14
Making a Blessing after a Meal on Wine: Rosh Berachot 1:14
Making a Blessing after a Meal audibly: Berachot 15a, 15b, 19b-20a
If One started/completed a Blessing after a Meal instead of the miniature "Al Ha'Eitz [For Certain Fruit]" or "Al HaGefen [For Wine]" form: Rosh Berachot 1:14
Returning to make a Blessing after a Meal, if the partakers left, and did [not] leave someone sitting there: Pesachim 101b-102a
Reciting Kiddush if the partakers finished the meal, but haven't yet made the Blessing after a Meal, and Shabbat started: Pesachim 102b
For an eved kenaani: Berachot 20a-b
For a minor: Berachot 20a-b
For women, rabbinically or biblically: Berachot 20a-b
The Fourth ["HaTov VeHaMaytiv"] section of the Blessing after a Meal
Starting/Ending with a special "Baruch" section: Pesachim 104b
In honor of the miracle of the non-decay of the bodies of the Betar rebels in the years before their burial, and in honor of the granting of permission for their burial, the Rabbis of Yavneh established a fourth blessing, "HaTov VeHaMaytiv," for the Blessing after Meals: Taanit 31a
Zimun - Group Blessing
Requiring a Quorum for the group blessing with Gd's Name: Megillah 23b [2x] Kohanim have precedence to lead the group: Megillah 28a
A Prohibition forbidding a Torah Scholar non-Kohen from allowing an unscholarly Kohen to lead the group: Megillah 28a
For one with an unburied dead relative: Berachot 17b-18a, Moed Katan 23b
Requiring an Egg-Sized or Olive-Sized Consumption: Pesachim 49b-50a
Making the Blessing after a Meal with a cup of Wine
Using a cup of wine: Pesachim 102a-b, 105b
Requiring a separate blessing, for a resident or for a guest: Pesachim 103a-b Havdalah and Kiddush are of the same type of Blessing, as opposed to Kiddush and the Blessing after a Meal: Pesachim 102b
Delaying Havdalah to use the same cup for the Blessing after a subsequent meal: Pesachim 102b, 105b
The Third Cup of Wine on Pesach Night is for the Blessing after a Meal: Pesachim 117b
General Post-Consumption Blessings
Foods requiring a Post-Consumption Blessing in their original location of consumption: Rashi Pesachim 101b "Aval", Tos. Pesachim 101b #1
Eating after one has verbalized a desire to make a Post-Consumption Blessing: Pesachim 103b
Special Additions for Special Occasions
For Shabbat and Holidays, day or night: Pesachim 105a
For the 8th day of Succot: Succah 47a-b
For the 8th day of Succot outside of Israel: Succah 46b-47a
Beyond the letter of the law
We earn special favor by thanking Gd for food even when we eat less than the amount that requires a blessing, transcending our obligation: Berachot 20b
