Potential causes of beautiful children, or birth defects: Nedarim 20a-b
Whether a child born in its 7th month will be born after 7 full months, or during that month: Rosh HaShanah 11a
A child born during the 8th month of gestation is not considered viable: Shabbat 134b, 135a
Formation of the Child: Yoma 85a
Whether a child born in its 9th month will be born after 9 full months, or during that month: Rosh HaShanah 11a
Difference between the way an egg and a mammal are nurtured inside the mother: Temurah 31a [see two explanations in Rashi]
Definition of "Pregnancy" for certain biology-relevant laws: Niddah 7b
Most women birth a healthy child: Niddah 18b
It takes 3 months for pregnancy to show: Niddah 8b
Signs of labor: Niddah 9a [2x]
What happens to menstrual blood in a pregnant woman: Niddah 9a
The percentage of afterbirths which are birthed with/without a fetus: Niddah 18a, 26a
The percentage of births of individual limbs, in which a full fetus had been inside: Niddah 18a, 24a, 28a
Whether most congealed blood which emerges from a miscarrying woman is from impure types of blood or not: Niddah 19a, 21a
Childbirth
Determination of the opening of the womb: Shabbat 129a
Determination of the closing of the womb: Shabbat 129a
A placenta doesn't emerge from the uterus unless there was a fetus: Bava Kama 11a-b
Neonatal Medicine
A child that survives 30 days is considered to be viable: Shabbat 135b-136a
Heating the placenta for use in warming the child: Shabbat 129b
Salting the child to harden the flesh: Shabbat 129b
Nursing
Definition of "Nursing" for certain biology-relevant laws: Niddah 7b
How a mother's milk is created: Niddah 9a
Ability of a child to survive if nurtured only by the "hot" morning milk: Temurah 31a