Care in not lying to one's children, lest they learn from their parents to lie: Succah 46b
A father's greatness can stunt the development of his children: Megillah 28a
The age when a child becomes independent: Eruvin 82a-b; Succah 2b, 28a, 28b
Relating the difficulty of raising children to the sin in the Garden of Eden: Eruvin 100b