One should attempt to learn other languages, to know when he may be in a position to eat something non-Kosher: Pesachim 43a
Names which are considered to be non-Jewish names: Gittin 11a, 11b
List of items for which the names changed since the destruction of the Temple: Succah 34a-b
The Babylonians didn't have their own unique language or alphabet: Megillah 10b
Hebrew
Homiletics on the structure of the Hebrew alphabet: Shabbat 104a
Homiletics on the structure of Hebrew letters: Shabbat 104a
The altered letters used at the end of words were forgotten at one point, and re-established by the Prophets: Shabbat 104a; Megillah 2b-3a
Words which are both feminine and masculine: Kiddushin 2b
Words which may mean X, and may mean the antithesis of X: Eruvin 65a
African Dialects
Use of African Dialects in the Torah: Rosh HaShanah 26a; Sanhedrin 4b
Arabic
Use of Arabic in the Torah: Rosh HaShanah 26a, 26b
Aramaic
Spelling Issues in Aramaic: Shabbat 77a-b
Explanations of Acronyms in various Aramaic Nouns: Shabbat 77b
Use in the Torah: Shabbat 115b; Megillah 9a
Babylonian
Use of Babylonian in the Torah: Succah 5b
Greek
Use of Greek in the Torah: Succah 35a; Moed Katan 28a
Greek as the "beauty of Japheth": Megillah 9b
"Hen" means "One": Moed Katan 28a
Island Tongues
Use of "Island Tongues" in the Torah: Shabbat 95a; Eruvin 18a; Rosh HaShanah 26a
Kan Nishrayya
Use of their tongue in the Torah: Rosh HaShanah 26a
