Requirement that the knots be visible to people: Eruvin 97a
Material for the Straps: Tos. Berachot 6a #4
Because Phylacteries have intrinsic holiness, the straps which function with it are considered items which serve holiness, and they may not be disposed of. Instead, they are buried: Megillah 26b
Looping loosely, instead of knotting, the straps: Eruvin 97a
Parshiyot - Text Sections
Who may write the texts: Menachot 42b
Whether one who is required in wearing [lit. "tying"], is required [and eligible] in writing them: Menachot 42b
Calling the "Shema" section the "Mezuzah": Shabbat 79b
Recycling worn out Phylacteries: Shabbat 79b
The Parchment Sections are tied in hair from a Kosher animal: Shabbat 108a
The Parchment Sections are sewn together with veins from a Kosher animal: Shabbat 108a; Makkot 11a