Existence of the practice of adding a month before the Torah was given: Sotah 12b
Adding a month to ensure that the "Aviv" season comes out in the month of Nisan: Rosh HaShanah 21a
The extra month may not be added before the 1st of Tishrei, and really shouldn't be added immediately afterward, either: Rosh HaShanah 7a
Whether the court which is adding the month must be in Israel, or not: Megillah 18b
Whether the 30th of Adar or Purim is the deadline for announcing an extra month of Adar: Berachot 10b, Pesachim 56a, Rosh HaShanah 7a Chizkiyah added an Adar on the 30th day: Pesachim 56a
Only an extra Adar may be added: Rosh HaShanah 7a
Whether we add a month of 29 or 30 days: Rosh HaShanah 19b-20a
Which month is the "real" Adar, for the Mitzvot associated with the month: Rosh HaShanah 19b; Megillah 6b How many judges are needed for this: Sanhedrin 2a
Whether the Court officially declares the month of Adar and the added Adar, in a year of both: Rosh HaShanah 19b