Signs Identifying an Object - Simanim
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Signs and the Loss of Hope by the Owner
General Use of Signs
Whether the acceptability of identifying signs is Biblical or
Rabbinic
: Bava Metzia 18b-19a, 27a, 27a-28a
Power of Identifying via signs as a
Rabbinic Rule Linked to a Verse [Asmachta]
: Bava Metzia 27b
Use of Signs for a Lost Object
Why signs would be valid for claiming items, if they are only Rabbinic in general validity: Bava Metzia 27b
Requirement for the presentation of Signs: Bava Metzia 27b, 28a, 28b
Returning an object to a known cheater, where he has the signs: Bava Metzia 28b
Requiring Witnesses to testify that the claimant isn't a cheater: Bava Metzia 28b
Returning it to a
Torah Scholar
on his own recognition of it, without independent identification: Shabbat 114a, Bava Metzia 19a, 23b, 24a
Defining the Level of a Torah Scholar for the Above: Bava Metzia 23b-24a
Returning an item to a
Torah Scholar
where there can be no visual identification: Bava Metzia 23b
An item with a sign, beside a sign-less item: Bava Metzia 25a
Signs in Identifying a Dead Body
Only identification of the forehead/nose counts to identify a body: Bava Metzia 27b
Identification via a Mole: Bava Metzia 27b
Whether signs change posthumously: Bava Metzia 27b
Conflicting Claims on an Object
Where both have Signs: Bava Metzia 28a
Signs vs. a Witness: Bava Metzia 28a
Signs vs. Signs and a Witness: Bava Metzia 28a
Witnesses to Creation of the Object vs. Witnesses to Loss of the Object: Bava Metzia 28a
Knowing the Length vs. Knowing the Width: Bava Metzia 28a
Knowing the Length & Width vs. Knowing the Hypotenuse: Bava Metzia 28a
Knowing Length & Width vs. Knowing the Weight: Bava Metzia 28a
Types of Signs
Anything extraordinary, such as a fig-cake with a piece of pottery in it or a loaf with money inside: Bava Metzia 21a, 23a
Where the item may have been Placed there, and may not have been: Bava Metzia 25b
A type of knot as a Sign: Bava Metzia 20b, 23b, 25b
A sign which will be trampled: Bava Metzia 22b-23a
Location as sign: Bava Metzia 22b-23a, 23b, 25b
A sign which could have occurred on its own: Bava Metzia 23a
Weight/Measurement/Number of Items: Bava Metzia 23b, 25a
Type of slicing of meat or fish: Bava Metzia 23b
Items inside Walls
Items found in old piles of stones or old walls, with/without accumulated rust: Bava Metzia 25b-26a
Items found in the inner/outer parts of new walls: Bava Metzia 25b
Determining the side of a shared wall to which the item belongs, depending on the type of item and its location: Bava Metzia 26a
Where the hole in the wall is filled with items, and it slants from one side of the wall to another: Bava Metzia 26a
Items in the walls of a house which had been rented out: Bava Metzia 25b, 26a
Where one side of the wall was an inn: Bava Metzia 26a
[Non-]Identifiable Food
Bundles of wheat in public/private property; differentiating with/without an Identifying Sign: Bava Metzia 22b-23a, 25a
Differentiating in the Above case, where they are laid out in a fallen/placed manner: Bava Metzia 23a
Bakery/Home baked loaves of bread
, on public/private property: Bava Metzia 23a, 25a
Fruit in a vessel: Bava Metzia 24b
Fruit beside a vessel, in various alignments: Bava Metzia 25a
Scattered/Piled fruit: Bava Metzia 21a, 21b, 24b, 25a
Above, degree to which the fruit must be scattered: Bava Metzia 21a
Defining a layout which is probably [un-]intentional: Bava Metzia 21a
Cakes of Pressed Figs: Bava Metzia 21a, 21b
Strings of fish: Bava Metzia 21a, 23b
Sections of meat: Bava Metzia 21a, 23b
Fruit fallen from a tree which overhangs or abuts public property: Bava Metzia 21b
Birds tied up by an apparently specific location: Bava Metzia 25b
Other [Non-]Identifiable Items
There is no acceptable sign on a coin itself, even one's name: Bava Metzia 25b
Gathered/Scattered coins: Bava Metzia 21a, 21b [2x], 24a-b, 24b-25a, 25a
Types of piles of the money: Bava Metzia 25a-b
Money in a wallet: Bava Metzia 24b
A Wallet: Bava Metzia 24b
Money beside a wallet, in various alignments: Bava Metzia 25a
Coins of various/identical sizes and stamps: Bava Metzia 25a
Bundles of sheared, [un-]marked wool: Bava Metzia 21a, 25a
Bundles of flax: Bava Metzia 21a
Flax beside a barrel: Bava Metzia 25a
Tongues of scarlet wool: Bava Metzia 21a, 21b
Old vessels: Bava Metzia 24b
New Vessels: Bava Metzia 21a, 23b, 24a
A vessel covered/revealed in a garbage heap: Bava Metzia 25b
Distinguishing in the above between small and large vessels: Bava Metzia 25b
Distinguishing in the above between a heap which is/isn't cleared regularly: Bava Metzia 25b
Barrels or Pitchers with/without a [specifically marked] seal, at the time before/after the opening of the merchants' barrels: Bava Metzia 23b, 25a
Saddle on a donkey: Bava Metzia 27b
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