Please be aware that for the purpose of this document, the term "Mezuzah" refers to the scroll which Jewish law mandates be placed on certain doorposts. The plural of "Mezuzah" is "Mezuzot."
Failing to install a Mezuzah annuls 2 positive commandments: Menachot 44a
Whether women are obligated: Kiddushin 34a, 34b
Preparation of associated necessities on Shabbat: Shabbat 131a-b
HaShem puts a person who doesn't have a Mezuzah in ex-communication: Pesachim 113b
Whether the obligation is person-based, or house-based: Shabbat 131a-b
Whether a merchant of Mezuzot is exempt from performing other Mitzvot while marketing Mezuzot: Succah 26a
Because a Mezuzah has intrinsic holiness, items which function with it are considered items which serve holiness, and they may not be disposed of. Instead, they are buried: Megillah 26b
Putting a Mezuzah scroll down, text-side down: Eruvin 98a
For an eved kenaani: Berachot 20a-b
For a minor: Berachot 20a-b
For a woman: Berachot 20a-b
Issues in Ownership of the Building
Whether the obligation is on the one who lives there/leases it, or on the owner: Pesachim 4a
The obligation in an inn: Menachot 44a
Differentiating in the obligation in a rented house, in Israel and outside of Israel: Menachot 44a
Removing the Mezuzah when leaving a formerly rented house in Israel: Menachot 44a [See Rashi "Mishum Yishuv"]
Types of Structures and Doorways
Whether a house of less than 4*4 Cubits requires a Mezuzah: Succah 3a-b
Whether a temporary dwelling requires a Mezuzah: Succah 8b
Status of an arch: Eruvin 11b
Who may write the Mezuzah: Menachot 42b
A Mezuzah may be purchased from anyone, as it is easily examined for authenticity: Menachot 42b
Using only the Assyrian alphabet: Megillah 8b, 9a-b
Use of the Greek alphabet: Megillah 9a-b
Whether there is a blessing for writing a Mezuzah: Menachot 42b
Preferred and Legal Material for writing a Mezuzah: Shabbat 79b Law Spoken to Moshe at Mt. Sinai to use the hair side of Duchsustus-quality parchment: Shabbat 79b
Whether the parchments must be connected with sewn animal veins: Megillah 8b
Writing the Commandments [of Writing a Mezuzah and Wearing Phylacteries] in the Doorpost Scroll, as well as the core of those Sections of the Torah: Berachot 15b
Using worn out Phylacteries or Torah Scrolls for a Mezuzah: Shabbat 79b
Whether the text must be underscored with engraved lines [Sirtut] or not: Megillah 18b
Whether the paragraphs may be written by heart: Megillah 18b