Which shifts were established by Moshe, by Samuel, by King David, and by the Prophets: Taanit 27a-b
Which shifts returned for the Second Temple: Taanit 27a-b
Conduct during a Shift
Blessing of the departing Shift to the incoming Shift: Berachot 12a
Shaving during their shift: Moed Katan 14a
Laundering during their shift: Moed Katan 14a
Reason for the above two lines: Moed Katan 14a
Laundering/Shaving on Thursdays, in honor of Shabbat: Moed Katan 14a
Allowing a Kohen to shave on the Intermediate Days of Holidays if he ended his shift on the holiday: Moed Katan 17b
Splitting of Offerings among the Shifts
Considering all Kohanim to be on their shift during the holiday, because they share in the Showbread and Gifts from the Offerings: Moed Katan 17b
How and where the Showbread is split on an ordinary Shabbat: Succah 56a, 56b
How Additional and Daily Offerings are split among the Shifts on an ordinary Shabbat: Succah 56b
How the shifts split their sections from additional offerings of holidays/Shabbat, and the 12 Showbread loaves: Succah 55b, 55b-56a; Moed Katan 17b
How the 12 Showbread loaves are split if Shabbat and a Holiday are consecutive, or separated by one day: Succah 56a
Methods of dividing up the Hides of Offerings of Higher Holiness among the kohanim of the shift: Pesachim 57a
When Multiple Shifts Serve Concurrently
The shift whose standard turn would come out on a specific holiday, gets to bring the Communal Offerings as well as personally vowed Offerings: Succah 55b, 56a
Which shift brings personally required offerings which are not related to the Holiday on which they are brought: Succah 56a
Specific Shifts of Kohanim
The "Bilgah" shift, and why it lost its place for certain things: Succah 56a, 56b