The entrance was 40 cubits tall, 20 cubits wide: Eruvin 2a
The design atop the doorway: Eruvin 2b-3a
Stones jutting upward at various sections of the room [for traversal]: Pesachim 65b
Placement of the initial, temporary walls, which were made of interwoven segments: Megillah 10a
The sources for the maximum size measurements of the entrance to an alley in which one may carry on Shabbat are the dimensions of the entrance to the "Heichal" room of the Temple or the "Ulam [Azarah]" room of the Temple: Eruvin 2a-3a
The two wells in the room, "Bor haGolah" and "Bor haGadol": Eruvin 104a
The Outer Room as one of the potential points of demarcation to determine responsibility for one who is outside of it when the first Pesach offering is brought, to bring a Second Pesach Offering: Pesachim 93b, 94b
The Outer Room is Used for Burning invalid Holy Offerings and Impure Offerings of Lesser Holiness: Pesachim 24a
The Outer Room is considered a Public Area for rules involving Doubtful Impurity: Pesachim 19b
The Outer Room is considered to be a location in which people are extra-careful, and therefore certain potential edicts do not apply: Pesachim 36a
Method of washing out the Outer Room, and whether it could be done on Shabbat: Pesachim 64a
The Kohanim must not have a separation between their feet and the floor of the Outer Room during the Temple Service: Eruvin 104a; Pesachim 65b
Could services meant for the Heichal be performed in the Azarah: Eruvin 2a
Removing an [impure] crawling creature found in this room during Shabbat: Eruvin 104b-105a
Beyond the Laws
The Outer Room cries out against the presence of people who rule by force, and cries out for the presence of the righteous: Pesachim 57a
Whether the doors of the Outer Room closed automatically for each group slaughtering its Pesach offering, or not: Pesachim 64b
When the floor of the Outer Room is filled with blood from offerings, this is an added glory for the Kohanim: Pesachim 65b