For idolatry: Succah 45b; Taanit 5a-b
Whether Gd punishes for thoughts of Idolatry: Kiddushin 39b, 40a
For profaning Gd's Name: Kiddushin 40a
For Using Gd's Name in Vain: Nedarim 7b
For breaking Shabbat: Shabbat 119b
For praying Alone: Berachot 8a
For burning another person's produce: Sotah 11a
For beginning a Mitzvah and not completing it: Sotah 13b
For not mourning a good person's death: Shabbat 105b
For not eulogizing a Chief Justice properly: Succah 29a
For rape of a betrothed girl: Succah 29a
For homosexual behavior: Succah 29a
For adultery: Sotah 4b
For the murder of brothers: Succah 29a
For forgery of legal bills: Succah 29a
For false testimony: Succah 29a
For desiring [and taking] what is not one's own: Sotah 9a-b
For use of a Synagogue for figuring accounts: Megillah 28b
Punishment where one ends a life of Mitzvot with rebellious sin: Kiddushin 40b
The punishment for not fulfilling a positive Mitzvah, when one could have: Kiddushin 39b [2x]; Menachot 41a
Raising "light" animals in Israel: Succah 29a
Destroying good trees: Succah 29a
The punishment of a Torah Scholar who does not stand before his Rebbe: Kiddushin 33b
For marketing Produce of the Sabbatical Year: Succah 40b; Kiddushin 20a-b; Bava Metzia 71a Lending with interest: Succah 29a; Bava Metzia 69b, 70b, 71a; Temurah 6b
Not rebuking someone, when capable: Succah 29b
Not fulfilling a vow of charity: Succah 29b; Tos. Rosh HaShanah 6a #2; Tos. Zevachim 29a #1
Disdaining the Mitzvah of washing one's hands before eating bread: Sotah 4b
Cheating an employee of salary: Succah 29b
Refusal to fulfill communal responsibilities: Succah 29b Haughtiness/Arrogance: Eruvin 13b, 54a; Succah 29b; Taanit 7b; Sotah 4b-5a
For Suspicion of Innocents: Shabbat 97a
For reigning with terror: Rosh HaShanah 17a
For violating rabbinic law: Berachot 4b; Shabbat 110a; Eruvin 21b
For mocking the words of the sages: Eruvin 21b
For mocking Torah scholars: Berachot 18b
For speaking slanderously: Taanit 7b
For lack of Torah study: Taanit 7b
For theft: Taanit 7b
For failure to pay back theft: Zevachim 29b
For failure to tithe produce: Taanit 7b
For disdain of the Beit haMikdash: Pesachim 57a-b; Keritot 28b
Specific Punishments
Drought: Taanit 7b
Gd making sure a person suffers the equivalent of a death penalty he would have suffered at the hands of a court, were the court able to administer it: Sotah 8b
Having one's soul slingshot through Limbo by Angels: Shabbat 152b
Loss or Lack of Children: Berachot 5a-b; Shabbat 105b; Sotah 11a, 13b
Death of a spouse: (Tos.#2) Rosh HaShanah 6a; Sotah 13b; Zevachim 29b Tzaraat: Berachot 5a-b; Yevamot 105b; Shabbat 97a; Keritot 26a
Loss of funds to the government: Succah 29a-b; Bava Metzia 70b
Poverty: Succah 29b; Nedarim 7b; Kiddushin 20a-b; Sotah 4b; Bava Metzia 35a, 69b, 70b, 71a [2x]
Effectiveness of Repentance vs. that of Court Whipping: Berachot 7a
Boiling feces: Eruvin 21b; Gittin 57a
Boiling semen: Gittin 56b-57a
Cremation and scattering of ashes: Gittin 56b-57a
Early death: Chagigah 4b-5a; Sotah 5a
Causes of Physical Suffering: Berachot 5a-b
Losing potential reward, due to sin: Berachot 4a
Pre-determination of punishment from snakes/scorpions, or destruction of the snakes/scorpions: Shabbat 121b
Gd lengthening the teeth of the wicked: Megillah 15b; Sotah 12b
Falling from a roof: Sotah 8b
Trampling by an animal: Sotah 8b
Snakebite: Sotah 8b
Early death: Taanit 5b
Dying in a fire: Sotah 8b
Dying at the hands of the government: Sotah 8b
Dying at the hands of bandits: Sotah 8b
Drowning: Sotah 8b
Dying of the throat/pulmonary ailment termed "Serunki": Sotah 8b
Blindness: Sotah 9b, 10a
Lameness: Sotah 10a