Abba bar Marta was insulted by the Exilarch, until he proved himself to be a "Tzurba MeiRabbanan [Young Torah Scholar]": Shabbat 121b Rabbah's instructions to the Exilarch's craftsmen who bound his 4 Species for Succot: Succah 37a Rav Chisda and Rabbah bar Rav Huna camping by the river in Sura overnight during Succot, on their way to visit the Exilarch: Succah 26a Rav Nachman, Rav Chisda and Rav Sheshet were by the Exilarch on the second day of a two-day holiday, and a deer was brought which had been caught on the first day and slaughtered on the second day. Rav Nachman and Rav Chisda ate, reasoning that whichever day was the 'real' holiday, they were fine. Rav Sheshet refrained, holding that the days may be considered part of a single sanctity. Rav Sheshet then encountered Rabbah bar Shemuel and asked whether he had learned anything on the matter. When Rabbah bar Shemuel responded that they are two sanctities, Rav Sheshet said, "Don't tell them anything!" Rav Ashi reported, citing Ameimar, that the case was actually different, and that the last part involving Rabbah bar Shemuel never occurred: Eruvin 39b Rabbah bar Rav Huna battling the Exilarch: Sanhedrin 5a Raveina skipping the Exilarch's Class: Yoma 78a Rafram interceding with the Exilarch on behalf of Raveina: Yoma 78a Rav Hemnuna explaining the Mitzvah of changing clothing for Yom Kippur, to the Exilarch: Shabbat 119a Rav Papi allowed the Exilarch's bakers to put dried, burnt grain into cooking food on Pesach: Pesachim 40b Rav Nachman designed an entranceway [Tzurat haPetach] permitting transport in an alley on behalf of the Exilarch [Reish Galuta]. Rav Sheshet had a different opinion regarding its validity, and he told his assistant, Rav Gada, to remove it. The Exilarch's servants found Rav Gada and imprisoned him. Rav Sheshet stood by the prison gate and said, "Gada, Emerge!" Rav Gada emerged. Rav Sheshet later encountered Rabbah bar Shemuel and asked him whether he had anything to teach regarding entranceways, and Rabbah bar Shemuel taught that such an entrance would be valid. Rav Sheshet responded, "Don't teach that to the Exilarch's household! [I will recant on my own - Rabbeinu Chananel]": Eruvin 11b Rav Nachman implemented a controversial business deal for the Exilarch, and Rav Yehudah tore up the document. In one version, Rav Nachman respected Rav Yehudah's challenge. In another version, Rav Nachman dismissed Rav Yehudah and all other challengers in financial law as 'children': Bava Metzia 66a
The Exilarch asked Rav Huna bar Chinina to fix up a shady area in such a way that it would be usable for Shabbat. Rav Huna bar Chinina made arrangements, which Rava took apart, as he felt they were unnecessary. Rav Pappa and Rav Huna bereih deRav Yehoshua removed the materials, so that Rav Huna bar Chinina could not re-establish his arrangement, but they then realized on Shabbat that he had been correct. The Exilarch cited a verse regarding Rav Pappa and Rav Huna bereih deRav Yehoshua - "They are wise to perform evil, but they don't know how to do good": Eruvin 25b-26a
Ulla reported that the Elders of the South presented a law, and the Reish Galuta shouted ["taka"] at them in his retort: Zevachim 22b-23a
Specific Oppresive Governments
The difference between the Arami and Persian oppressions: Gittin 17a
Either the Jews or Edomites will be on top, but never both: Pesachim 42b
HaShem having the angel Gavriel punish Rome in the time of the Messiah, because they devoted themselves to destroying the Jews: Pesachim 118b
On Exile in General
Exile as a form of Atonement: Makkot 2b
The Manifestation of Gd's Presence is with the Jews in Exile: Megillah 29a
A person cannot know the day when the wicked government will fall: Pesachim 54b
Benefitting from a meal which isn't for a Mitzvah leads to Exile: Pesachim 49a
When the dishonest judges disappear, the oppressive government officials will diappear: Shabbat 139a
Whether the Torah was forgotten when the Jews were exiled to Bavel: Succah 44a
Gd's "regret" for having created Exile: Succah 52b
Gd never leaves the Jews alone in Exile: Megillah 11a; Makkot 24a
Will the Jews find rest in Exile, or not?: Makkot 24a Rage is an element of the punishment of Exile: Nedarim 22a-b
What defines "Exile": Nedarim 41a
Specific Oppressors, and their Edicts
Custom of the Nochri Generals to kidnap virgins before their Weddings: Ketuvot 3b
Custom of Nochri Kings to take Discovered Objects for themselves: Bava Metzia 28b
The Chavri nation, and their practice of extinguishing candles in Jewish homes on the Chavri holidays: Gittin 17a
Fear that a Passing Brigade will steal a Wedding Meal: Ketuvot 3b
The decrees forbidding Circumcision: Shabbat 130a
The decrees forbidding Wearing Phylacteries: Shabbat 130a
Forbidding the Blowing of the Horn on Rosh HaShanah: Rosh HaShanah 32b
Disruption of the holiday celebrations in Israel [unintentionally] by the tax collectors: Shabbat 145b
One may not fast on the 28th of Adar, because on that date Yehudah ben Shamua and his peers succeeding in preventing a decree which would have been against teaching Torah, circumcising, and keeping Shabbat: Rosh HaShanah 19a
Turnus Rufus plowed Jerusalem under on the 9th of Av, after the Destruction of the Second Temple: Rosh HaShanah 18b; Taanit 26b
Achashverosh forbade the Jews from learning Torah, celebrating the holidays, circumcising their children and wearing phylacteries: Megillah 16b
The attempt of the monarchy to block the bringing of the wood for the altar, and how the Jews got around it: Taanit 28a
The attempts of the monarchy to block the Bringing of the First Fruits to the Temple, and how the Jews evaded them: Taanit 28a
Attempts to block the building of Succah Huts: Succah 14b
Gd's regret for having created the Chaldeans and the Ishma'elim: Succah 52b
